{"created":"2023-06-20T15:28:28.708862+00:00","id":7557,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"2bf9037d-d5dc-414c-8a4d-4ea44996a677"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"7557","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"7557"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:ouj.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007557","sets":["470:394:439"]},"author_link":["9645","9644"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2012-03-22","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"45","bibliographicPageStart":"29","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"29","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"放送大学研究年報"},{"bibliographic_title":"Journal of the Open University of Japan","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"　ジグミ・センゲ・ワンチュック（Jigme Singye Wangchuck）第４代前国王は、国民総幸福（GNH）という開発理念を掲げ、第２次産業の発展速度を抑えた開発（「近代化」）政策を推進した。1961年に開始された５か年計画が積み上げられ、第９次５か年計画（2002‒７年）が達成された。2008年長期にわたる構想を経て地方自治の規定を含む憲法が発布された。\n　この憲法発布に至る国づくりの総仕上げとして位置づけられた第９次５か年計画は、第10次以降の５か年計画における産業政策の枠組みを強固にした。第９次５か年計画が達成されたことにより、同計画の４重点領域、すなわち、①経済発展、②文化遺産の保全と振興、③環境の保全と適切な利用、④よい統治をいかに実現するか、が具体化された。②文化遺産と③自然環境の保全の枠組みの中での産業活動の結果として、①経済発展と④よい統治が実現すると位置づけられている。\n　新憲法では、第３条では、仏教をブータンの精神遺産と定めている。第４条文化では、国家が文化遺産を保護し振興させることを定めている。注目される点は、第５条環境である。後世の人々のために自然や生物資源を守り、自然環境と生物多様性の保全を謳っている。同条３項では、そのために全国土の60％以上を森林として保全せねばならないと述べている。\n　自然環境保全は、土壌や景観の保全、生物多様性保全、森林保全、文化の保全に直結している。森林保全による膨大な潜在的水資源の水力発電による利用等に直接関連する。豊かな自然と文化は、多くの観光客を引き寄せる。ツーリズムは戦略的産業に育っている。ここで、見落としてはならない点は、森林はブータン国民のアイデンティティの源泉をなすチベット仏教の信仰心に深く関連している点である。\n　生活と生産の場所を共同する地域住民が自発的にその教義を受容する上で、第１次産業のあり方も含め、自然環境保全の度合と外部の強制から自由であることが決定的に重要である。\n　これが憲法第５条３項で国土60％以上の面積は永久に森林として保全すると規定した理由である。GNH開発理念を掲げた①経済発展は、基礎となる２つの重点領域達成（②文化遺産と③自然環境の保全）の枠組みの中で達成されねばならない。この点で、GNH開発理念による新しい国家建設は、精神遺産（チベット大乗仏教）の継承と発展にかかっていると言える。\n","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN10019636","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0911-4505","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_10002_textarea_25":{"attribute_name":"抄録（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_textarea_language":"en","subitem_textarea_value":"　Planning Commission of Royal Government of Bhutan has published the long term development vision entitled Bhutan 2020:A Vision for Peace, Prosperity and Happiness.\n　Bhutan's development vision is unique in sticking to the importance of the natural environment. The focus of this paper is understanding how Bhutan draws industrial policies with heavy emphasis on nature preservation. Bhutan 2020 writes the significance of Bhutan's environment as below;\n\"Our Environment\n　Our long commitment to the maintenance of biological diversity and productivity is rooted in our understanding of the importance of forest system to the survival strategies of remote and isolated communities, our briefs and customs, and our understanding of sustainable development. We have placed environmental conservation at the core of our development strategy(my italic). We do not treat it as a 'sector' but rather as a set of concerns that must be mainstreamed in our overall approach to development planning and which must be buttressed by the force of law. The first 'modern' legislation enacted was the 1969 Forest Act that was specifically aimed at protecting our forests. Since then many of the nearly 100 laws enacted are related, directly or indirectly, to the conservation of the environment.\n　Although our heritage is still largely intact, we cannot take it for granted and the conservation of the natural environment must be added to the challenges that will need to be addressed in the years ahead. There is already evidence of mounting pressures on the environment. In some areas, extraction rates for fuelwood, timber and other forest products are already approaching unsustainable levels.\"\n\n　Here, the strategy of industrialization process works against the unsustainable use of the forests resources. The main focus of this paper is on the industrial policy. For this regard, Bhutan 2020 thus writes;\n\n　\"Our potentials are seen to reside in two main areas:the further development of our vast hydropower potentials and the development of small and micro enterprises. The first is undoubtedly enormous. So far only an estimated ２ percent of our hydropower potentials have been utilized and the energy produced can, in addition to being exported, be used for the development of natural resource‒based processing industries.\""}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"河合, 明宣"},{"creatorName":"カワイ, アキノブ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"9644","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Akinobu, KAWAI","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"9645","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2013-06-14"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"29-3.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"29-3","url":"https://ouj.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/7557/files/29-3.pdf"},"version_id":"a8a30a87-080d-4d31-bc75-0148f149071b"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"ブータンのGNH(国民総幸福)開発理念の実現過程─ 森林保全と地方分権化を軸に─","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"ブータンのGNH(国民総幸福)開発理念の実現過程─ 森林保全と地方分権化を軸に─"},{"subitem_title":"The Process of Realizing Bhutanʼs Development Philosophy of Gross National Happiness Through Forests Preservation and Local Governance","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["439"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2013-06-14"},"publish_date":"2013-06-14","publish_status":"0","recid":"7557","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["ブータンのGNH(国民総幸福)開発理念の実現過程─ 森林保全と地方分権化を軸に─"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2023-06-20T16:19:57.689670+00:00"}